图书在版编目（CIP）数据 初级军事英语教程 / 张锦涛主编. 南京 : 南京 大学出版社, 2018.8 国防语言课程系列教材 ISBN 9787305206160 Ⅰ. ①初…Ⅱ. ①张…Ⅲ. ①军事－英语－军事院校 －教材Ⅳ. ①E 中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2018)第169579号 出版发行南京大学出版社 社址南京市汉口路22号邮编 210093 出 版 人金鑫荣 丛书名国防语言课程系列教材 丛书主编张锦涛 书名初级军事英语教程 主编张锦涛 责任编辑刁晓静编辑热线02583592123 照排南京理工大学资产经营有限公司 印刷南京鸿图印务有限公司 开本787×10921/16印张 17字数 410千 版次2018年8月第1版2018年8月第1次印刷 ISBN9787305206160 定价46.00元 网址：http://www.njupco.com 官方微博：http://weibo.com/njupco 官方微信：njupress 销售咨询：（025）83594756 版权所有，侵权必究 凡购买南大版图书，如有印装质量问题，请与所购 图书销售部门联系调换 国防语言课程系列教材 《初级军事英语教程》 策划编写人员 总主编张锦涛 编委 张锦涛王传经贡卫东雷海鹏孙金华 朱志华胡明霞殷莉钟毅李璘 本册主编张锦涛 副主编胡明霞邓娜 编者（按姓氏笔画排序） 乔良朱勤芹来梦露宋蓓茹贡卫东 张丽平张翮张静杨洛茜杨丽娟 杨静周小丽郝丽华徐敏高蕊 高湉湉黄晓勤黄珊崇斯伟彭艳青 审校郝丽华高湉湉崇斯伟 前言 当今世界军事舞台，外语的作用举足轻重，与国防的关系日益密切。一个国家军队的国防语言能力是其战斗力的重要构成，一支外语能力过硬、国际视野开阔、熟悉行动区域语言文化的军队能够更加自信地完成肩负的使命任务。为适应遂行多样化军事任务对新型军事人才国防语言能力的需要，解放军陆军工程大学联合军队兄弟院校编写了“国防语言课程系列教材”。 “国防语言课程系列教材”是继“新军事英语系列教材”之后军队院校外语教学内容体系的又一次大胆改革。它既满足“培养大批具有国际视野、通晓国际规则、能够参与国际事务与国际竞争的国际化人才”这一国家教育战略对高等院校外语教学的基本要求，又凸显军队院校外语教学的鲜明军事特色，贴近军校学员的学习、生活和部队建设的实际需要。“国防语言课程系列教材”涉及英、法、德、俄、日五个语种，包括国防语言知识技能综合性教材和对象国军政文化教学类教材。本套教材注重实用性、时代性和开放性。 “国防语言课程系列教材”的英语综合性教材包括《初级军事英语教程》、《中级军事英语教程》、《高级军事英语教程》三册。从选题的内容和难度上，这三册教材可作为通用大学英语课程与专业军事英语课程的衔接课程使用教材。每册的单元主题广度和深度都有一个提升，课后练习的题型和要求也遵循这一思想。各单元均包括读写和视听说两大部分，具有较强的可读性。读写部分选材新颖、注释清晰，配套练习有对课文理解的考察，语言要素的训练，也有军事知识的拓展深化；结合视听材料内容，设置了简答题、判断题、选择题、填空题等难度适中、形式多样的题型，旨在提高学员的听说能力。通过学习，学员在掌握外军知识、军事术语、缩略语的同时，巩固听、说、读、写、译等技能，提高岗位指向英语应用能力。 《初级军事英语教程》教材内容涉及军事任务、军事历史、军事训练、军事院校、战争形态、武器装备、军事人物、编制体制等主题，供英语水平达到大学英语二级的学员使用。 教材提供了大量素材，教员可根据自己的实际情况进行选择，既可以作为面授内容，也可作为课后扩展练习。 编者囿于经验，在设计和内容上难免疏漏。我们热诚欢迎更多的反馈意见和建议，以便让这套教材得到不断完善。 编者 2018年7月 00 00 Unit OneMilitary Missions 初级军事英语教程 Part Ⅰ Prereading Activities Words & Expressions batch/bt/ n. 一批，一组，一群 brave/breＩv/ vt. 勇敢面对，不怕，不顾 contingent/kntＩndnt/ ｎ. 分遣队 enforcement/Ｉｎｆｓｍｎｔ/ n. 执行，实施 expertise/eksptiz/ n. 专门知识或技能 explosive/ＩｋｓｐｌｓＩｖ/ n. 炸药，爆炸物 helmet/helmＩt/ n. 头盔 humanitarianism/ｈｊｕｍｎＩｔｅｒｉｎＩｚｍ/ n. 人道主义 impeccable /Ｉmpekbl/ adj. 无错误的，极好的 riot police防暴警察 tropical/ｔｒｐＩｋｌ/ adj. 热带的 unrest/nrest/ n. 动乱，骚乱，不安宁 Proper Names Afghanistan/fnＩstn/ 阿富汗（中亚国家） Bosnia/bzni/ 波斯尼亚（前南斯拉夫联邦人民共和国中西部一地区） Caribbean/krＩbin/ n. 加勒比海adj. 加勒比海的，加勒比人的 Democratic Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国（简称“刚果（布）”） East Timor东帝汶（与东南亚印度尼西亚接壤的岛国，曾是葡萄牙殖民地） Haiti/heＩti/ 海地（加勒比海国家） Kosovo/ksv/ 科索沃（前南斯拉夫联邦人民共和国一个省，现为塞尔维亚有争议的自治地区） Lebanon/lebnn/ 黎巴嫩（西亚国家） Liberia/laＩbiri/ 利比里亚（西非国家） Sudan/sudn/ 苏丹（东非国家） U.N. Truce Supervision Organization 联合国停战监督组织 Task 1Questions for Discussion Directions： Watch the video clip and then discuss the following questions. 1 What are the challenges Chinese peacekeepers have met when carrying out the mission？ 2 Which fields/activities are most of Chinese troops engaged in during the mission？ 3 How do Chinese peacekeepers gain their respect from U.N. and the local people？ Task 2True or False Statements Directions： Watch the video clip again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True or F for False before each statement. 1 Chinas first peacekeeping mission is to send the batch of 15 military observers to East Timor. 2 Until now， China hasnt sent any riot police to the U.N. peacekeeping mission. 3 Its estimated that China has already sent 12，753 troops to 18 U.N. peace missions. 4 During the peacekeeping mission， eight peacekeeping servicemen lost their lives in the Haiti earthquake relief. 5 In general, China takes an active role in U.N.s peacekeeping efforts and has won worldwide respect. Part Ⅱ Readingcentered Activities Text A The Missions of an Army 1Social， political， economic， and technological innovations have changed the world rapidly. Today， what one nation calls freedom of action， another may see as a threat to its security. The potential for destruction has never been greater. To maintain peace and security now means， in large part， avoiding belligerence. 2The principal mission of an army not at war is preparedness. No country has the luxury of time in which to mobilize forces， adapt industry to wartime production， and enter a conflict when it chooses to do so. There are so many scenarios that every nation seeks to prepare for war at any time. The U.S. Army is taken as an example for explanation， but the information may be applied to any modern army. 3An armys highest priority is to maintain a state of readiness which can be an effective deterrence to aggression and/or assure the ability to fight and win should this deterrence fail. Therefore， the U.S. Code［1］ has stated that the U.S. Armys responsibilities include being organized， trained， and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained combat incident to operations on land as well as preparation of the land forces for the effective prosecution of war except as otherwise assigned. To be more detailed， the Armys mission not only is coordinated with other fighting services and nations but also plays a role in the domestic needs of its country. 4Firstly， the U.S. Army is responsible for protecting the United States and its interests by securing its airspace， land， and sea interests and jurisdictions. However， it does not fight alone. The U.S. Army works in concert with the three other major branches of the U.S. military—the Navy， the Marine Corps［2］， and the Air Force. It is part of a balanced multicapable land， sea， and air force. These forces are interdependent elements， guided and applied under unified direction and command. Each element is indispensable since it is part of a whole team. For example， successful application of landpower （an army） requires that it be projected overseas. This， in turn， requires longrange airlift and sealift， provided by an air force and a navy. 5Although land， sea， and air forces are complementary， land forces possess an inherent capability which sets them apart. Landpower alone can exercise direct， fulltime， comprehensive control over the land， its resources， and its people， the ultimate， decisive， wartime act is that of securing the land area needed to achieve victory. 6Secondly， the U.S. Army provides support to civil authorities in order to sustain the United States national interest and stability. The Army has more than 100，000 soldiers and 28，000 civilians stationed around the world. For instance， on any given day during this year， more than 35，000 soldiers were deployed from their home stations to conduct operations and participate in exercises in more than 70 countries. Each contributes to strengthening alliances， and maintaining American presence in regions vital to national interest. In every region of the world， the Army engages daily in two kinds of activities—operations and international activities. Operations encompass such activities as the participation in multinational exercises and the conduct of humanitarian and peacekeeping missions. International activities are the methods by which the Army executes preventive defense and include all official activities involving cooperative， noncombat interaction with the armed forces， governments， industries， and people of other nations. 7Thirdly， the U.S. Army administers civil works programs for protecting the environment and improving waterway navigation， flood control， beach erosion control， and water resource development throughout the United States and its territories. Developing and operating the inland navigation system is the Armys oldest civil works project， dating back to 1824. Being greatly beneficial to the nation， the Army Civil Works Program conducts harbour and inland waterway projects vital to the movement of strategic materials. Onesixth of the nations cargo moves through the nearly 300 ports， 235 locks， and 12，000 miles of waterways maintained under the Civil Works Program. In addition， flood and storm damagereduction projects designed to protect against the natural disasters have prevented nearly $300 billion in damages. Army Civil Works also produces nearly 25% of the nations hydroelectric power， supplies the water needed by more than 10 million people， and ensures that infrastructure development projects take care to protect fragile ecosystems. 8Finally， the Army provides support during national emergencies by assisting civil authorities in maintaining emergency preparedness throughout the nation. For decades， the Army has assisted civil authorities during natural disasters， civil disturbances， and other emergencies requiring humanitarian support. In recent years， the Army conducted emergency evacuations during flooding in West Virginia and Pennsylvania， and assisted communities suffering from hurricanes. In the aftermath of Hurricane Fran， the Army provided debris removal， power generation， ground transportation for distributing relief supplies， and logistical support. More than 3，500 National Guard［3］ soldiers on state active duty and 300 Army Corps of Engineers members participated in the effort. The Armys Fourth Engineer Battalion was deployed to Oregons Umatilla National Forest to help fight wildfires， and the Oregon Army National Guard had 930 members on state active duty providing firefighting support in six states. The Army also aided flood victims in the South， Midwest， and Northwest. （867 words） NOTES ［1］ U.S. Code《美国法典》 The United States Code （U.S.C.） is a compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal law of the United States， which contains 50 titles and is published every six years by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives. ［2］ Marine Corps海军陆战队 Marine Corps is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for providing force projection from the sea， using the mobility of the United States Navy to rapidly deliver combinedarms taskforces. In the civilian leadership structure of the United States military， the Marine Corps is a component of the Department of the Navy， often working closely with U.S. naval forces for training， transportation and logistical purposes； however， in the military leadership structure the Marine Corps is a separate branch. ［3］ National Guard国民警卫队 The National Guard of the United States is reserve military force composed of state National Guard militia members or units under federally recognized active or inactive armed force service for the United States. The National Guard of the United States is a joint reserve component of the United States Army and the United States Air Force and maintains two subcomponents： the Army National Guard of the United States for the Army and the Air Forces Air National Guard of the United States. MILITARY TERMS active duty 现役 airlift/elＩft/ n. & v. 空运 Army， Navy， Air Force， Marine Corps 陆军，海军，空军，海军陆战队 belligerence/blＩdrns/ n. a hostile or warlike attitude， nature， or inclination 敌意，好战性 civilian/svＩlin/ n. 文职人员 combat/kmbt/ n. 战斗，作战 Corps/k/of Engineers 工程兵部队 deploy/dＩplＩ/ v. to redistribute （forces） to or within a given area 部署 destruction/dＩstrkn/ n. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏 deterrence/dＩtｅrns/ n. measures taken by a state or an alliance of states to prevent hostile action by another state 威慑，威慑力量 exercise/ekssaＩz/ n. 演习，操练，演练 logistical/ldＩstＩkl/ adj. of or relating to logistics 后勤的 maintain peace and security 维护和平与安全 mobilize/mblaＩz/forces 动员部队 operation/preＩn/ n. a military or naval action， campaign， or mission 作战，军事行动 peacekeeping mission 维和任务 project/prdekt/ v. throw， send， or cast forward 投送（兵力） scenario/snri/ n. 演习方案，演习预案，演习想定 sealift/silＩft/ n. & v. 海运 service/svＩs/ n. 军种，服役 the Armys Fourth Engineer Battalion/btlin/ 陆军第四工兵营 NEW WORDS administer/dmＩnＩst/ vt. have charge of； manage 掌管，管理 aftermath/ftm/ n. a period of time following a disastrous event 灾后时期 aggression/ren/ n. the act of initiating hostilities or invasion 侵犯，侵略，挑衅 alliance/laＩns/ n. a close association of nations or other groups， formed to advance common interests or causes 联盟，同盟 authority/rti/ n. one that is invested with this power， especially a government or government officials 权力机构当局，掌权者 complementary/kmplＩmentrｉ/ adj. supplying mutual needs or offsetting mutual lacks 互补的 comprehensive/kmprＩhensＩv/ adj. so large in scope or content as to include much 广泛的，全面的 concert/knst/ n. agreement in purpose， feeling， or action 一致 coordinate/kdＩneＩt/ vt. to harmonize in a common action or effort 协调 debris/debri/ n. the scattered remains of something broken or destroyed 残骸，碎片 decisive/dＩsaＩsＩv/ adj. having the power to decide； conclusive 决定性的，有权决定的 disturbance/dＩstbns/ n. a disorderly outburst or tumult 骚乱 domestic/dmestＩk/ adj. of or relating to a countrys internal affairs 本国的，国内的 ecosystem/iksＩstm/ n. an ecological community together with its environment， functioning as a unit 生态系统 emergency/imdnsi/ n. an unforeseen or sudden occurrence， esp. of a danger demanding immediate remedy or action 紧急情况 encompass/Ｉnkmps/ vt. constitute or include 构成，包括 evacuation/ＩvkjueＩn/ n. leaving a place in an orderly fashion， especially for protection 撤离 execute/eksＩkjut/ vt. put into effect； carry out 执行，实行 fragile/frdaＩl/ adj. easily broken， damaged， or destroyed； frail 脆弱的 humanitarian/hjumnＩterin/ adj. having the interests of mankind at heart 人道主义的，慈善的 hurricane/hrＩkn/ n. a severe， often destructive storm， esp. a tropical cyclone 飓风 hydroelectric/haＩdrＩlektrＩk/ adj. generated by the pressure of falling water 水力发电的 indispensable/ＩndＩspensbl/ adj. not to be dispensed with； essential 不可缺少的，绝对必要的 infrastructure/Ｉnfrstrkt/ n. the basic facilities， services， and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society 基础设施 inherent/ＩnhＩrnt/ adj. existing as an essential constituent or characteristic； intrinsic 固有的，内在的 inland/Ｉnlnd/ adj. of， relating to， or located in the interior part of a country or region 内地的，内陆的 innovation/ＩnveＩn/ n. the act of introducing something new 革新 interdependent/ＩntdＩpendnt/ adj. mutually dependent 互相依存的 jurisdiction/drＩsdＩkn/ n. authority or control 管辖权，控制权 navigation/nvＩeＩn/ n. travel or traffic by vessels 航行 preparedness/prＩperＩdns/ n. the state of being prepared， especially military readiness for combat 准备，尤指为战斗所作的武力准备 preventive/prＩventＩv/ adj. carried out to deter expected aggression by hostile forces 预防性的 principal/prＩnspl/ adj. first in importance， rank， worth， or degree； chief 重要的，首要的 prompt/prmpt/ adj. carried out or performed without delay 立刻的 prosecution/prsＩkjun/ n. the continuance of something beginning with a view to its completion 从事，实施，进行 station/steＩn/ vt. assign to a position； post 安置，派驻n. the place or position where a person or thing stands or is assigned to stand, a post 驻地 strategic/strtidＩk/ adj. of， relating to， or characteristic of strategy 战略的，战略上的 sustain/ssteＩn/ vt. maintain or prolong to keep in existence 维持，长期保持 territory/tertri/ n. the geographical domain under the jurisdiction of a political unit， esp. of a sovereign state 领土 ultimate/ltＩmt/ adj. being last in a series， process， or progression 最终的 unify/junＩfaＩ/ vt. make into or become a unit； consolidate 统一，使成一体 wartime/wtaＩm/ adj. characteristic of or occurring during war 战时的n. a period during which a war is in progress 战时
